DESCRIPTION

Culinary nuts are typically dry edible seeds or fruits that have a high fat content. A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus Juglans, particularly the Persian or English walnut, Juglans regia. Although culinarily considered a nut and used as such, it is not a true botanical nut. After full ripening, the shell is discarded and it is used as a garnish or a snack.Walnuts are rounded, single-seeded stone fruits of the walnut tree commonly used for the meat after fully ripening between September and November, in which the removal of the husk at this stage reveals a browning wrinkly walnut shell,[1] which is usually commercially found in two segments (three or four-segment shells can also form). During the ripening process, the husk will become brittle and the shell hard. The shell encloses the kernel or meat, which is usually made up of two halves separated by a partition within a fibrous sheath that splits when ripened. The seed kernels – commonly available as shelled walnuts – are enclosed in a brown seed coat which contains antioxidants. The antioxidants protect the oil-rich seed from atmospheric oxygen, thereby preventing rancidity.

World Production

• Worldwide 4,498,442 tonnes of walnut is produced per year.
• China is the largest walnut producer in the world with 2,521,504 tonnes production per year.
• China produces alone more than 50 % of world’s walnut.
• United States of America comes second with 592,390 tonnes yearly production.
• With 321,074 tonnes of production per year, Iran is the third largest producer of walnut.

World Walnut Production by Country

	Country	Production (Tons)	Production per Person (Kg)	Acreage (Hectare)	Yield (Kg / Hectare)
	China	2,521,504	1.809	631,330	3,994
	United States of America	592,390	1.807	147,710	4,010.5
	Iran	321,074	3.927	44,780	7,170
	Turkey	225,000	2.784	124,553	1,806.5
	Mexico	171,368	1.374	102,068	1,679
	Ukraine	125,850	2.978	13,900	9,054
	Chile	122,950	6.996	40,801	3,013.4
	Uzbekistan	50,660	1.551	4,857	10,430.3
	Romania	49,580	2.539	1,620	30,604.9
	France	34,950	0.519	25,880	1,350.5
	India	33,000	0.025	31,000	1,064.5
	Greece	31,040	2.883	14,820	2,094.5
	Egypt	24,013	0.246	4,618	5,199.9
	Argentina	18,488	0.416	15,219	1,214.8
	Belarus	18,431	1.945	5,342	3,450.2
	Germany	18,261	0.221	5,718	3,193.6
	Moldova	17,706	4.986	21,391	827.7
	Spain	17,540	0.376	11,440	1,533.2
	Pakistan	14,862	0.074	1,739	8,546.3
	Afghanistan	14,690	0.465	5,025	2,923.4
	Azerbaijan	11,581	1.17	3,487	3,321.2
	Italy	10,800	0.179	4,670	2,312.6
	Morocco	9,880	0.284	7,625	1,295.7
	Nepal	8,934	0.306	2,167	4,122.8
	Serbia	8,836	1.262	2,782	3,176.1
	Kyrgyzstan	6,823	1.081	1,392	4,901.6
	Hungary	6,820	0.698	6,000	1,136.7
	Georgia	6,600	1.77	4,368	1,511
	Brazil	6,175	0.029	3,548	1,740.4
	Poland	5,240	0.136	2,270	2,308.4
	Macedonia	5,014	2.416	8,500	589.9
	Bulgaria	4,840	0.687	6,360	761
	Portugal	4,750	0.462	3,850	1,233.8
	Australia	4,369	0.174	10,856	402.5
	Armenia	3,989	1.343	1,820	2,191.8
	Kazakhstan	3,814	0.209	928	4,109.9
	Lebanon	3,646	0.598	2,057	1,772.5
	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,409	0.901	2,113	1,613.3
	Austria	3,090	0.35	170	18,176.5
	Switzerland	2,409	0.284	1,660	1,451.2
	Iraq	1,539	0.039	1,121	1,372.9
	South Korea	1,131	0.022	577	1,960.1
	Montenegro	669	1.075	405	1,651.9
	Slovenia	580	0.281	440	1,318.2
	Peru	483	0.015	69	7,000
	Belgium	371	0.032	168	2,208.3
	Bhutan	256	0.352	39	6,564.1
	Croatia	200	0.048	7,210	27.7
	Palestinian Territories	162	0.036	33	4,909.1
	Cyprus	140	0.164	210	666.7
	Czech Republic	110	0.01	130	846.2
	Luxembourg	30	0.05	10	3,000
	Yemen	22	0.001	7	3,142.9
	Slovakia	20	0.004	630	31.7
	Jordan	7	0.001	1	7,000
	Ireland	0	0	0	N/A
	New Zealand	0	0	N/A	N/A
	Malta	0	0	0	N/A
	Latvia	0	0	0	N/A
	Finland	0	0	0	N/A
	Sweden	0	0	0	N/A
	Estonia	0	0	0	N/A